Means for reproducing vibrations.



E; H. AMET.

MEANS FOR REPRODUCING VIBRATIONS.

' APPLICATION FILED' MAY 27. 19,14.

m Patented Apr. 3, 1917. 2 SHEET$-SHEET I Wilisef E. H. AIVIET. MEANS FOR REPROD'UCING VQIBRATIONS. APPLIYOATION man MAY 21, I914.

Patented Apr. 3, 1917.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

EB Aw-m5 Y 46 Mail: W5 I 45 .Amefif W. w wg 60 EDWARD H. AIVIET, or nnnonno BEACH, cnLrr-onnm.

MEANS FOR REPRODUCIN'G VIBRATIONS.

L22Ld08.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 3, 1917. I

' Application filed May 27, 1914. Serial No. 841,397."

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD H. A nn'r, a citizen of the United States, residing at Redondo Beach, in the county of Los An- The inventlon includes a novel telephone transmitter and receiver adapted for use in a system in which these form parts of an electric circuit whereby sound waves and the like may be electrically transformed, transmitted and reproduced or recorded or both, with practical integrity;

I also employ the method and system in the transmission and reproduction of writing capable of mechanically actuating the mechanism for operating an ordinary talking machine sound transmitter.

Said system is capable of being used in various ways and for various purposes and is adapted for use with talking machine reproducers and recorders and also for use independently of such reproducers and recorders.

The invention is adapted for use in telephone systems and in wireless telephony owing to the practicability of operating many variable resistances synchronously;

The invention includes a sound wave transformer which I term a pulsator because the sound waves that actuate it produce pulsations,'each part of which corresponds directly and exactly to the energy of that part of the sound wave which produces 'it.

The'possibility of actuating a number of variable resistances in synchronism and of making practicable numerous electrical combinations of electrical resistances for various purposes, makes the pulsator a valuable factor in the wireless art for the transmission a of articulate speech and reproduction of written messages and of sketches or other desired subjects. I am using it now to transmitoral and written messages and tosend any depressed picture or design which may be produced by a stylus pencil or pen the system including aitelephone or other cir-' cuit, and employing two or more talking machines having synchronous revolving cyl ',1nders.

Objects of the inventionv are:

To provide for a telephone sy whereby sound waves or the-like maybe perfectlv transformed, transmitted and restem, means produced, or recorded by a sound rproducing or recording device, as a talking machine;

To provide a sensitive sound wave receiving pulsator which will impart to one or more microphone variable resistances, sound waves in true proportion to the energy of the sound wavesoactuating the pulsator;

To, provide means whereby sound impulses may be accurately transmitted and reproduced electrically;

To provide a sound wave actuated pulsator which is absolutely true in its synchronism with the-sound waves actuating it and which will impart to a variable electrical resistance, as a microphone, pulsations representing in direct ratio and true proportion, the. energy "of, the sound waves received; v a

To provlde a'pulsator which will actuate a multiple of variable resistance units adapting it for controlling heavy battery currents or for energizing a single circuit from each electrical resistance element or allowing" of series or multiple connection of the variable resistance element for use in wireless telephony or loud talking announcing systems, or in recording systems; and

To provide means whereby a microphone variable resistance may be made to produce electrical impulses in'true proportion and in time with the actuating vibrations.

The invention is applicable in a system comprising atransmitter-and a reproducing receiver each in themselves novel in con struction, that will reproduce sounds actuating it, said reproduction being natural in quality.

It is also applicable in a system of electrical transmission which may be employed for the purpose of transmitting sound impulses or the like to be recorded upon talking machine? record devices; the same to accompany a motion picture.

By this invention I provide means for actuating a plurality of variable resistances unit to either send the impulses from s'pectrve resistances to individual receivlng statlons, or to couple the resistances in series or multiple for use in wireless telephony or i other arts where it is de-' sirable' to setrup strong electrical v impulses from sound wave impulses. h

-The invention involves means whereby sound wave impulses may be electrically transmitted and reproduced free from mechanical the noises such as those produced by over-vibration of the transmitting diaphragm and the receiving diaphragm, by reason of their not being deadbeat or in positive synchronism with the actuating sound wave impulses electrically transmitted and reproduced. r

After years of experimenting in the reproductioii of sounds by electrical transmitting and reproducing means I have discovered that the recording and reproducing of sound waves and like vibrations, may be effected with perfect integrity by applying the vibrations to energize an electrical circuit by alternate stress and reflexive action, and applying the energy of said circuit to produce in the reproducing and recording means, direct and reflexive actions corresponding with the stress and reflexive actions, respectively, of the initial vibrations, and I have discovered that a pulsator or sound wave receiving chamber constructed of a rubber tube partially flattened having two walls or portions free to vibrate, said walls or portions preferably being opposed to each other, the

whole forminga receiver chamber for sound wave impulses, will so transform the energy that said impulses will cause the opposing walls of the device to pulsate or vibrate in absolute synchronism and proportion with the sound wave vibrations, and that variable electrical resistances actuated by said walls through the medium of tuning fork collectors compressing said walls, will produce variations in an electrical circuit corresponding in proportion to the pulsations of the pulsator walls. I have discovered that a pulsator formed of rubber confined between prongs of a clamping device of tuning fork character made dead-beat by direct contact. with the rubber pulsator and connected with a variable electrical resistance will impart to such resistance, in their purity, the true vibrations for electrical transmission.

The opposing walls or vibrating members of the pulsator I have thus invented are nonres0nant,free from tin-tinnabular vibration, and by collecting the vibrations from opposite sides of the tuning fork construction, the vibrations are carried forward in their purity, free from molecular tone and echo vibrations. The variable electrical resistances employed in combination with the pul- I sator, the whole forming an electrical transmitter; are carried by the vibrating walls, are,overhung therefrom and have no solid back means of adjustment; in lieu of the former solid back adjustment they'have an added weight which allows the full free vibration of'the pulsator walls and allows the true value of the pulsations to be impressed" upon the variable resistance medium employed' j I find that an electrical. transmitter con- 5 structed as above and further described in steps the direction of movement of the origlack.

the drawings and the detail description herein, will from a fixed position receive and transmit a whisper or a shoutthe whisper and the shout being electrically transmitted and reproduced. each perfectly and in the instance of the shout as well as the Whisper, there is not the slightest tendency to break, blur or rattle.

I have discovered that for successfully recording electrically transmitted sounds upon talking machine devices, success of recording the sounds depends upon having the reproduced sound waves received and recorded while maintaining through all the several inal sound wave recorded. For this purpose I have constructed a telephone receiver having its sound wave outlet opening from the air chamber situated on the side of the diaphragm receiving the magnetic impulse. In this manner the impact of the sound wave to be transmitted is maintained as to original direction; all pressures producing pressures and vice versa.

While this telephone system was designed to be used in connection with talking pictures for the recording of sounds simultaneously with the photographing of a subject and for the reproduction of the sound with the reproduction of the motion picture sub ject, and for duplicating sound records, I do not wish to limit my invention to this use of the new method of the new system, or the several elements which are novel and new to the art.

The construction of the electrical transmitter herein described makes it possible to actuate a multiple of variable electrical resistances attached to the pulsator and each is practically equally actuated. A variety of 105 changes in the connections of the resistances may be made to adapt the transmitter for use in the art of Wireless telephony and in connection with announcing telephone sys-' terns where large volumes of sound clearly reproduced are required at one or more stations.

The complete electrical apparatus constructed as shown and described in the accompanying drawings and the subjoined 11b specification will transmit speech, music or other sounds without tendency to overbeat and will accurately reproduce and record the same.

The apparatus being adapted to handle large amounts of current may be used to great advantage in long distance telephone service, and. may be used for recording telephone messages so that they may be articulately reproduced.

It is well known that sounds produced by telephones, phonographs and the like, lack something in timbre or tone color and it is an object of this invention to supply such i phone resistances connected in multiple- It is also well known that there are limitations to thevolumes of sound that can be produced from or through the agency of the diaphragms of sound reproducers such as telephones, dictagraphs, dictaphones, phonographs and the like. An object of this invention is to lessen or eliminate such v limitations.

The invention will be understood by refer-. ence to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a view mainly diagrammatic and partly sectional illustrating a recording and reproducing telephone system such as may be constructed through the carrying out of this invention. The apparatus is shown as being constructed and adjusted for transmitting and simultaneously reproducing and recording sounds from a sound record.

Fig. 2 is a side view of a pulsator constructed in accordance with this invention and provided with four microphone variable resistances.

Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation viewed from irregular line m, Fig. 2; one of the resistances being shown intact.

Fig. 4 is a section indicated on line at, Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of a spring clip for mounting the variable resistances on the pulsator. a v

Fig. 6 is a view of the pulsator having separated resonant members and arranged as a transmitter for ordinary telephone use. The variable resistances are connected in series. The housing is partly in section.

Fig. 7 is a view of the receiver partly in vertical section on line w, Flg. 8.

Fig. 8 is a plan of the sound chamber ofthe telephone receiver shown in Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a fragmental view of part of a sound transmitting system, comprising a pulsator formed of non-resonant india rubber tube compressed at intervals into flattened chambers by means of opposing members .forming vibration collectors for the variable electrical resistances.

Fig. 10 is an elevation partly in sec line 00 Fig. 9. I

Fig. 11 is a view of another form of pulsator for actuating multiple microphone resistances, not shown; the same being omitted from their seats.

Fig. 12 is a diagram of a circuit having microphone resistances connected in multiple.

Fig. 13is a'diagram showing the microphone resistances connected in series.

Fig. 144s a diagramshowing the microion on series. y i Y Fig. 15 is a diagram showing a plurality of microphones taking battery from a common s6i1rce for individual circuits.

In Fig. 1 a designates a telephone transmitter, and b a telephone receiver connected therewith and also with an amplifying horn .closed opposite said inlet.

c. d indicates a second telephone receiver and e a second telephone transmitter. The receiver d is shown connected with a phonograph recorder f. The telephonetransmittcr a is shown provided with a mouth piece 9 and a detachable tube h is shown in said mouth piece to transmit sound vibrations from a phonograph reproducer i operated by a phonograph record j. The transmitter e the various receiving appliances 6, b, d

, through appropriately arranged telephone circuits, each including a sound collector or pulsator p.

The pulsator is constructed as a chamber having an inlet 1 and two vibrating walls 2, 3, that are opposed to each other and are preferably flattened throughout a considerable area. The edges of these walls may be connected integrally as at 4 on two or more sides and in practice there is formed inside the pulsator a thin widened cavity 5 filled with air and open in one direction as at 1 to receive the sound waves to be translated or transformed.

Preferably the outer end of the inlet 1 is circular in cross-section and'its walls merge gradually into the flattened walls 2, 3. v

The pulsator may be molded of India rub her or formed by flattening a piece of India rubber tubing, one end being left open to formthe inlet, and the flattened part being forms an end wall 6 and may be effected by compressing the flattened walls together at a distance from the inlet and cementing or otherwise fastening them together.

It is understood that a good degree of success can be secured by extending the tube a considerable distance beyond the flattened portions of the tube, there being thus formed an air column or body that acts as a resistance sufficiently great to give lateral direction to pulsations imparted through the inlet.

iou

Such closing 1 to the body of air in the flattened or widened I chamber.

- The pulsator walls are mutually opposed to each other by reason of being subject to simultaneous actuation in-opposite directions by the same pressure, such as that set up by a sound wave.

One form of the transmitter will be understood by reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5,'in which clamp means in the form of a' clip or clamping member, comprisingopposing resonant members or limbs 7 conbattery 10 in the usual manner by the leads 11, 12, and with the primary winding 13 of an induction coil of a telephone transg itting circuit.

- The air body contained in the chamber 5 having non-resonant oppositely arranged vibrating walls 2, 3 and which forms part of this invention acts through said walls and the resonanat members 7 the variable resistance 9, the battery circuit 1 and the primary winding 13, energizingthe secondary winding 14 in the secondary circuit, including the leads 15, 16, one of which has a condenser 17 and the other a switch 18; and being connected to energize the magnets n of a receiver as b, b, or 03, either of which may be connected with suitable means as an amplifying horn c, c, or with a recording device I for applying the transmitted impulse to' the desired purpose; as for announcing through the horn 0 or for recording through the combiningv connections 19, 20 and the device f.

When the single pole switch 18 in lead 16 is open, as shown in Fig. 1 and the combining connections 19, 20, are connected by the double pole switch 21 with the conductors 22, 23, which form a portion of the telephone circuit including the receiver d, the transmittera is connected to operate the rreceiver-yb and the receiver d simultaneously.

By operating switch 21 to open the connections 19, 20, and closing the switch 18, the telephone receivers b and I), alone respond to the impulses in the battery circuit.

7 By throwing the double pole switch 21 to connect conductors 22, 23 to complete the circuit 24 energized by the second transmitter 2, sound impulses collected by the horn is can be directed to operate the receiver (1 and the recording device 7 to make the record on the record device m. p

The limb 7 of the pulsator clip is provided with an insulated'seat 25 into which is screwed the stem 26 of the pulsating contact 27 of the variable resistance button 9 and the opposing contact 28 is overhung and to stabilize the contact 28 against which the impulses of the variable resistance medium 30 are applied, so that said impulses are confined only by the inertia of theopposing contact and its stabilizer 29 which may weighted, as by the stabilizing weight 29 be embodied as an integral part of said contact.

Th'e' eflect of this construction and arrangement is substantially as follows:

The sound vibrations acting through the air in the air chamber 5 are transformed into to-and-fro motion by the non-resonant vibratory wall that acts upon the limb 7; and the vibratory movement set up in the air body at 5 acts freely to compress the variable resistance medium against the opposite contact 28 which is free to yield to the impulses or vibrations transmitted from the air chamber through the wall; but is substantially stable to allow the compression of the variable resistance medium to produce a corresponding electrical stress. The action in this respect may be somewhat likened to the use of a hammer held against a rivet being set, the diaphragm 31 and the weighted contact tending to maintain a fixed position relative to the pulsatory contact 27.

In. this manner the most delicate operation of the resistance is effected and overcompression of the variable resistance medium is avoided, which is impossible in cases where the contacts are not free to move together.

In Figs. 3 and 4 a metal frame 32 formed of a suitable wire bent to sustain the edge walls of the chamber is provided, the same being capable of being inserted through a distensible mouth 33 of said chamber in which mouth there is afterward inserted a bushing 34 in which is inserted the inlet tube 1, that may be of metal or other material that will hold its shape. Or the chamber may be constructed open at the end 6 to receive, the frame 32 and the open end at 6be cemented and closed.

In Fig. 6 the pulsator 79 is contained in a 'housingq providedwith a perforated mouthpiece 7- and pivotally mounted on a telephone stand 8. The perforations t in the mouthpiece 1" are to avoid confining the air in the mouthpiece in case the lips of the speaker are applied directly to the rim of the mouthpiece, it being desirable in all instances to maintain a free vibration of the air in the air chamber and to avoid back pressure caused by the speakers breath.

Referring now to Fig. 7 which is an enlarged sectional view of a typical construction for the receivers b, b or d, it will be seen that the sound wave outlet 35 directly communicates with that side of the diaphragm n that receives the impulses from the magnet u, there being a shallow air chamber 36 in which the active end of the magnet terminates. Said chamber is preferably formed inside the diaphragm-supporting housing 37 by means of a nonresonant filling 38 of beeswax, parafiin or similar substance, the hollow space of the phragm, which rim is held in place on the rim of the housing 37 by means of an elastic channel band 39 which may be formed of an ordinary rubber band stretched over the rim of the housing and diaphragm.

Anysuitable clamping means may be em- I I shown connected in a common battery cirployed in lieu of the bandshown.

It will be seen by reference to Figs. 1, 3 and 7 that' the stress ofthe air vibrations igflair chamber 5 applied against the varia e resistance medium. 30 will produce a magnetic stress on the magnet u, thereby attracting the diaphragm n and producing a pneumatic stress on the .air in the air chamber 36 of the receiver; and that such stress, therefore, is applied to the Work to be performed, as the production of sound through the amplifying horn "c or the production of the record on the record device m, and that such stress will be impressed upon the record in positive form; and, vice versa, the reflex action at 5 will be reproduced at 36, and at the point of the stylus. By thus making the direct action of the sound vibration to reproduce direct action throughout, and likewise the reflexive action to produce reflexive action throughout, it is madepossible to reproduce as a sound or as a depressed record, what ever depressed writings may be applied to. the sending record device, and it is readily understood from this description that if the writings upon the sending record are in the nature of chirography or in the nature of drawings that the same chirography and the same drawings will be applied to the receiving record, having been telephonically transmitted as sound wave impulses.

While- I have only shown a cylindrical record device, it is understood that the invention is not limited to the use of cylinders and that any talking machine record device may be utilized.

It is also well understood in the art that flat record sheets may be applied tothe cylindrical surface by any suitable means so that an impressed writing on a flat sheet may be applied for sending a message or drawing to a cylindrical receiving record device.

The material I have herein termed rub- ,ber is soft india rubber orv its equivalents or substitutes and is not the material known as hard rubber. i

In Figs. 9 and 10 a multiple pulsator is shown made from a piece of rubber tube 40 compressed at intervals by the limbs 7 of In Fig. 12 the variable resistance buttons 9 are shown in multiple with the battery circuit 43 for producing low resistance.

In Fig. 13 they are connected in battery circuit 44 to produce a high resistance.

In Fig. 14 the variable resistances .are connected in battery circuit 45 to produce a total resistance of onehalf the combined resistance of the variable resistancesl In Fig. 15 the variable resistances are cuit 46 for energizing independent telephone circuits-4C7, i8, 49, 50.

The different connections shown in Figs. 12, 13, 14, and 15, are for obtaining the different degrees of conductivity in the said combinations to adapt the variable resistances to transmit to telephone circuits the desired quantity of current for the purpose to be accomplished.

In practical operation the opposed flat-. tened nonresonant walls 2. 3, are moved only with the stress and reflexive action of the air vibrations from the one air body and the mutually opposing action of the nonresonant walls effects perfect deadbeat, there being no reverberation or overtone disturbance of the air in said chamber, and the variations of pressure on each wall is the same because both are producedby the same thin air body.

The condenser 17 in the secondary circuit is employed for the purpose of improving the action of the telephone receiver.

A principle of this invention is that the sound impulses are taken from the diaphragm of the receiver 6 or d in exact cor-' pressure upon the air 'by the receiving diav phragm, and vice versa.

In this respect the receiver d has the inner or impulse receiving side of its diaphra in opposition to the diaphragm a: of the ta ing machine recording means 7. o

In Fig. 6 the resonant member 7' is shown as a plate of metal, hard rubber, fiber or ,the like cemented to the non-resonant wall and serving like the limb 7 in Fig. 3 to collect the pulsations of the wall and to support the variable resistance and impart it to the vibrations collected.

I claim 1. A. vibration transmitter comprising non-resonant opposing vibrating rubber walls having an air containing space between them; a variable electrical resistance to be actuated by vibrations from said walls;

and a spring-fork vibration collector and transmitter having flat parallel limbs compressing and flattening and holding said walls flat and in opposition to each other and connected with the variable electrical air-space.

' resonant flattened walls formed of soft rubresistance for imparting the. vibrations transmitted-through said walls from said 2. A telephone transmitter including a pulsator having. two'soft rubber vibrating walls, means to simultaneously apply a sound wave vibration to both of said walls, ,varlable electrical resistance, means comprising a resonant fork compressing'both of said walls for imparting the movement of said pulsator walls to the variable electrical resistance for the electrical transmission of the vibrations set up in said walls.

' 3. A telephone transmitter including a pulsator having twon1utually opposed nonber, means comprising a clamping fork of spring material compressing both of said walls for applying sound wave energy to the opposing walls, means for imparting the movement of said pulsator walls to "ariable electrical resistances for the electrical transmission of the vibrations of said walls.

4. A sound wave collecting pulsator comprising a non-resonant soft rubber housing having flexible walls, suitable means for collecting and directing into said pulsator sound waves to actuate said flexible walls, means comprising a resonant fork clamping said/walls between its members for transforming vibrations of said walls into mechanical energy, and means for utilizing said mechanical energy for the reproduction of said sound waves.

5. The combination with a rubber tube having flattened portions throughout its length, said flattened portions acting as vi-' brating walls for the purpose of being actuated by sound wave impulses admitted,

clamp-means comprising a fork of resonant 

